Of the 28 subjects with ID after active rTMS treatment, the EEG data of the two ID patients were excluded because of excessive artifacts. Active rTMS improved, rather than sham, theta–gamma, and alpha‐beta PAC values at the F3, Fz, Cz, and T3 electrode sites. Phase‐amplitude comodulograms (Figure 4a) demonstrated the difference in PAC values before and after active rTMS treatment (i.e., post–pre). The PCA values of clusters with significant differences within electrodes before and after active rTMS treatment were averaged and paired‐sample t‐tests were performed. The results showed that PAC levels significantly increased after active rTMS treatment (Figure 4b, paired t‐test: F3: t 25 = 5.291, p < .0001; Cz: t 25 = 7.240, p < .0001; T3: t 25 = 5.456, p < .0001; Fz: t 25 = 6.712, p < .0001). It is worth mentioning that electrodes with significantly improved PAC values were distributed near the stimulation target (the left DLPFC) (Figure 4c).
