behaving aggressively, t(854)=3.86, P<.001 (Mdifference=3.40, SEdifference=0.88), and lower IQ at age 8, t(852)=5.69, P<.001 (Mdifference=5.70, SEdifference=1.00). These effect sizes range from r=.14 to .19. However, we note that the plots of the distributions for these four age 8 variables revealed that many of the high-aggressive and low-competent participants were re-sampled and there was no substantial restriction of range that might have made it hard to detect relations between these age 8 variables and adult outcomes. There was no significant difference in age 8 father’s occupational status between re-sampled participants and dropouts.
