The fluorescence images were captured by Olympus DSU confocal microscope (Olympus USA, Center Valley, PA, USA) and the image analysis and 3D reconstitution were performed with ImageJ (a public domain image analysis software), IPlabs (BioVision Technologies, Exton, PA, USA) and MetaMorph (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) software. The following are antibody dilution rates used in this study: 3D6 anti-Aβ antibody (1:500, a gift from Lilly), anti- β-tubulin type III (Tuj1, 1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-GFAP antibody (1:2000, DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, USA; 1:200, Antibodies Incorporated, Davis, CA, USA), AT8 anti-phospho tau antibody (1:40, Thermo Scientific), PHF1 anti-phospho tau antibody (1:1,000, courtesy of Dr. Peter Davies), anti-tau46 antibody (1:200, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-GluR2 (1:100, Antibodies Incorporated), anti-MAP2 antibodies (1:400, Millipore; 1:200, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (1:100, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-NR2B (1:100, Antibodies Incorporated), anti-GABA(B)R2 (1:100, Cell Signaling Technology), AlexaFluor 350/488/568 anti-mouse, -rabbit and -chicken secondary antibodies (1:200, Life Technologies).