Among Whites, mother and father AUD significantly increased the likelihood of experiencing all types of trauma except non-assaultive trauma, suggesting that (for White youth), an alcohol-affected parent was a key factor in elevating their odds of childhood trauma exposure. These findings are consistent with others, particularly the Adverse Childhood Experiences study, which found strong relationships between parental AUD (one or both parents), child maltreatment, and witnessed violence (Anda et al., 2002).
