Summary statistics of the phenotypes of height, weight, BMI, vWF and QTi are shown in Supplementary Table 13. There are three measures of weight and a single measure of height in both HPFS and NHS cohorts, four measures of weight and three measures of height in the ARIC cohort, and single measures of vWF and QTi in the ARIC cohort. For height, weight and BMI, we used the mean of repeated measures in all the analyses except for the analysis of the repeatability model. We adjusted the phenotypes (or the mean phenotype) for age and standardized it to a z-score in each gender group in each of the three cohorts separately.