Chunk #4 — 1. Introduction

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Molecular assays for characterization of alternatively spliced isoforms of the u opioid receptor (MOR).

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The present report reviews techniques used to assay the levels of cAMP, Ca2+, and released NO produced by μ-opioid receptor agonists in in vitro cellular assays designed to characterize the functional properties of alternatively-spliced isoforms of MOR.