Some studies have shown area-level effects on alcohol outcomes vary by sex (Orozco et al., 2017, Karriker-Jaffe et al., 2018, Karriker-Jaffe et al., 2012, Brown et al., 2016). Other work suggests neighborhood areas may have stronger effects for Blacks/African Americans1 and Hispanics/Latinos/Latinas2 than Whites (Karriker-Jaffe et al., 2012, Jones-Webb et al., 1997, Glass et al., 2017, Zemore et al., 2016). Further, religious social controls on drinking may be stronger for women than for men (Michalak et al., 2007), and they may be stronger for Blacks, who are more likely to belong to religions that strongly discourage drinking alcohol, and for Hispanics, who show high levels of religiosity (Michalak et al., 2007). Thus, we examine interactions between FH and area-level social control factors separately by sex and by race/ethnicity. As individuals age into early and mid-adulthood, alcohol-specific genetic factors increase in influence (Kendler et al., 2011, van Beek et al., 2012), with effects moderated by interpersonal social controls (Barr, Salvatore, & Maes, 2017). As such, it is important to examine joint effects of FH and area-level social control in adult respondents across the lifespan.
