Drinking motives were assessed with the Drinking Motivations Questionnaire (Cooper, 1994). This scale is broken into four subscales: Social Drinking (α = 0.88, to improve sociability), Conformity Drinking (α = 0.89, to fit in with a group), Drinking to Cope (α = 0.89, to cheer up or gain confidence), and Drinking to Enhance (α = 0.85, because drinking is fun or gives a high). Each item was rated on a Likert-type scale anchored with 1 (Strongly Agree) and 4 (Strongly Disagree). Items were reverse scored and summed so that higher scores represent greater motivation for the subscale construct.
