The current report’s primary analyses compared 1459 heroin dependent cases [888 male; 571 female; mean age 36.5 (SD 8.6)] to 1495 non-dependent controls [972 male; 523 female; mean age 45.0 (SD 9.5)]; cases were compared to 531 neighborhood controls [235 male; 296 female; mean age 34.7 (SD 10.5)] in additional analyses aimed at identifying SNPs with effects specific to heroin dependence liability.
