Randomized participants were classified as family history positive (FHP) or negative (FHN) defined as follows: (1) FHP had a biological father and another first or second-degree biological relative with history of alcohol dependence, while (2) FNH had no history of alcohol dependence in any first or second-degree relative. Individuals had to be able to report on first and second-degree relatives in order to participate. The institutional review boards of the VA Connecticut Healthcare System and Yale University School of Medicine approved this study.
