located in regions with low linkage disequilibrium183, 184 that cannot be ascertained by genotyping array. Accordingly, the WGS being generted by large-scale efforts (e.g., AllOfUs, the Million Veteran Program (MVP), and the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program) are likely to contribute to reduce SUD missing heritabilities. However, as these resources involve a population-based design and are not specifically assessed for SUD research, they may have only limited impact for SUDs with low prevalence in the general population. In the next few years, we expect that our understanding of SUD genetics will grow rapidly, comensurate with the increasing availability of large-scale datasets for each trait and the advanced computational methods that continue to be developed to investigate them.
