1999; Rangel et al., 2008; Redish et al., 2008; Dezfouli and Balleine, 2013). Consistent with this, an enhanced BOLD response to alcohol associated stimuli in those with increased familial risk for an AUD versus those not at risk has only been observed in a similar setting in which alcohol-associated stimuli are presented in the absence of alcohol access/exposure (Kareken et al., 2010).