ROIs148,149, which could also help to standardize the nomenclature of ROIs across studies. Other common issues pertain to incomplete presentation of the actual data (such as not providing both mean and variance, or not providing scatterplots when reporting correlations), which can obscure the direction of an effect (activation versus deactivation), potentially adding to the variability in published results (for example, a hyperactivation could refer to higher activations or lower deactivations from baseline). In summary, this field would benefit from standardization — of procedures related to imaging, tasks, analyses and subject characterization — that would facilitate the inter-pretability of the findings. Standardization is also crucial for allowing integration of data sets from various laboratories — such data pooling will be particularly important for genetic studies that are aimed at understanding the interplay between genes, brain development, brain function and the effects of drugs on these processes. For example, the creation of large imaging data sets are going to be important in understanding how genes that are associated with vulnerability for addiction affect the human brain both after acute and repeated drug exposures. Moreover, the ability to integrate large imaging data sets — as has recently been done for MRI images of
