4q22.1 and 12q24.32 yielded LOD scores exceeding 2 for an alcohol use severity phenotype, and chromosomes 6p21.1, 15q22.2-q25.3, and 16p13.3 yielded LOD scores that exceeded 2 for a withdrawal phenotype [20]. The evidence for linkage to chromosomes 4, 15, and 16 have been reported previously for alcohol related phenotypes in the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism (COGA), suggesting these regions of the genome confer risk and protection for alcohol dependence in Native Americans as well as general population samples.
