Chunk #41 — Discussion — I. AVP in the Me/BLA and D2 in the CPu involved in foot shock stress-induced reinstatement

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Individual differences in gene expression of vasopressin, D2 receptor, POMC and orexin: vulnerability to relapse to heroin-seeking in rats.

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a separate pilot experiment, levels of AVP mRNA in the Me/BLA were also compared between the rats that self-administered saline and self-administered heroin without the reinstatement tests by foot shock stress. We found no AVP mRNA alteration in the rats with heroin self-administration and extinction/withdrawal procedures (data not shown), which clearly indicates that this AVP increase required both heroin self-administration and stress to be expressed.