Goldman and colleagues (Goldman 1996; Enoch and Goldman 2001; Heinz et al 2001; Gray and McNaughton 2002) reported the results of a meta-analysis study in which they examined the correlation between central serotonergic neurotransmission and three behavior patterns that are relevant for alcoholism: disinhibition (impulsive aggression), negative mood states (such as anxiety and depression), and a low response to alcohol. The authors noted that the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT3) is very likely influenced by genetics and early stress experiences, as well as alcohol itself. Serotonergic dysfunction has been linked to a number of psychiatric disorders, as well as the development and maintenance of excessive alcohol consumption and alcoholism. Serotonin plays a role in temperature control and sleep and also affects impulse control and behavior inhibition. Circuits that depend on serotonin are also vital to a person’s sense of wellbeing and are involved in reward, allowing the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to alleviate feelings of anxiety and dysphoria.
