The growth-related genes represented the largest group of affected genes. There were 5 GO sets of growth-associated genes (Table 4). Many of these genes, identified by GSEA in both experiments, were also identified in Experiment 2 at the single gene level; e.g. the Growth gene set (GO:0040007): Ctgf, Igfbp2, Emp1, Osm, Cyr61, Gap43, Crim1, Tgfb3, Nov, Socs2, and Wrn were significantly reduced in Experiment 2, and Igfbp7, Emp3, Bmp4, Bmp6, Inhbb, Wig1, and Cish were reduced but did not reach the criteria for significance. The additional growth genes in Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway GO group appear to be reduced to a greater extent in ALC-NTO than in ALC-NTC (Table 4).