CD was assessed among adolescents utilizing the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC), which has shown discriminative validity in the study population (Crowley et al., 2001). Early study participants were evaluated with DISC2.3, which assesses DSM-III-R diagnoses. Once available, DISC-IV was utilized; DISC-IV was locally modified to allow assessment of DSM-III-R criteria, allowing combined analyses of III-R diagnoses across study years (Schulz-Heik et al., 2008).
