(Benussi et al., 1998). The only gene (of those we identified in the focal adhesion pathway) to be directly tested for association with AD is PIK3R1 (Liolitsa et al., 2002). Here, the Met326Tyr polymorphism showed association with risk of late-onset AD in women and in patients where the APOE e4 allele was not present; this was argued to relate to impaired insulin mediated signal transduction.
