exactly the same averaged data in both time-domain and time-frequency approaches to show direct correspondence between the measures across the two domains. This approach has recently contributed important new information to the understanding of the FN and P3 time-domain components observed in a common gambling feedback task (Bernat et al., 2011), as detailed above. In this regard, one goal of the current report is to evaluate the idea that common time-domain components generally index mixtures of separable TF components, and thus TF decomposition may be crucial to understanding widely reported effects using time-domain components.