contribute to the diversity of cortical inhibitory neurons. Interneurons can be also subdivided based on intrinsic electrophysiological properties, synaptic characteristics, and protein expression patterns. Probably because of the many dimensions that can be used to describe an interneuron, no consensus yet exists with regard to their categorization and several reviews have been written on the topic (Ascoli et al., 2008; Freund and Buzsaki, 1996; Klausberger and Somogyi, 2008; Markram et al., 2004). Strikingly, in contrast to the large amount of information that exists on the properties of the various types of cortical inhibitory neurons, knowledge of the specific role that each one plays in orchestrating cortical activity is still extremely limited. Thus, in this review, unless explicitly mentioned, we remain agnostic as to the specific interneuron subtypes mediating inhibition.
