Other inquiries into the impact of the changes in DSM criteria have shown an 11–67% greater prevalence of DSM-5 AUDs compared with DSM-IV AUDs (Mewton et al., 2011; Agrawal et al., 2011) and a modest decrease in cocaine use disorders (Proctor et al., 2012) and opioid use disorders (Boscarino et al., 2011). In the present sample, the prevalence of disorders was only negligibly greater in DSM-5 for all four substances examined. The greater number of diagnoses in DSM-5 was due almost entirely to the assignment of a diagnosis to individuals who under DSM-IV received no SUD diagnosis despite meeting one or two dependence criteria (i.e., diagnostic orphans).
