The present study was restricted to 2344 VACS survey participants (1513 HIV+ and 831 uninfected) who consented to be included in a tissue repository sub-study (VACS-Biomarker Cohort [VACS-BC]), provided blood specimen between 2005–2007, as previously described,32,33 and for whom PEth assay was available. Analyses were performed only among participants for whom complete AUDIT-C survey data characterizing self-reported alcohol consumption in the past year were available. Participant baseline was defined as the date of collection of the blood specimen.
