Chunk #0 — INTRODUCTION

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TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 influence different pathways leading to smoking behavior from adolescence to mid-adulthood.

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Tobacco smoking is the largest avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Genetic factors influence risk of initiating and persisting in smoking(1, 2) as well as the susceptibility to develop tobacco-related diseases(3–5).