a clinical situation is usually not to differentiate between typical cases and symptom-free controls but to identify individual cases who might benefit from specific treatments. We would anticipate that young at-risk individuals with a high PRS might benefit from psychoeducation, introduction of lifestyle changes to reduce stress and promote stability of social and personal rhythms, and increased clinical monitoring and access to support services, particularly as they transition through the peak period of symptom emergence. Early identification of those with an extremely high PRS may eventually lead to early pharmacological treatments. For adult individuals with established illness, specific PRS profiles may potentially indicate those more or less likely to respond to pharmacological treatments or those who would benefit from specialized alternative therapies (such as electroconvulsive therapy).