In a similar U.S. study based on Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), the overall rates of DSM-IV and DSM-5 past-year AUD were of similar magnitude, 9.7 and 10.8%(Agrawal et al., 2011). Thus, the rate of DSM-5 AUD was similar to that reported by Mewton et al., but the rate of DSM-IV AUD was higher. One reason offered by the authors as an explanation for this inconsistency is that the NESARC used impaired driving as an indicator of hazardous use, whereas the Australian study did not. The findings of the two studies were more congruent when impaired driving was excluded as an indicator of hazardous use in the U.S. study. Agrawal et al. (2011) reported that 58.0% of the DSM-IV abuse cases would be retained in DSM-5 moderate AUD and that 80.5% of the DSM-IV dependence cases would be retained in DSM-5 severe AUD. Compared to cases lost altogether under the DSM-5 revision (those positive for any DSM-IV AUD but no DSM-5 AUD), cases gained (positive for DSM-5 but not DSM-IV AUD) were
