The PAGE study includes eligible participants with a minority ancestry from four studies. Written informed consent was obtained for all participants in this study at the relevant recruitment sites. The WHI is a long-term, prospective, multi-centre cohort study investigating the health of post-menopausal women in the United States that recruited women from 1993 to 1998 at 40 centres across the United States. WHI participants reporting European descent were excluded from this analysis. The HCHS/SOL is a multi-centre study including participants of Hispanic/Latino descent with the goal of determining the role of acculturation in the prevalence and development of diseases relevant to Hispanic/Latino health. Starting in 2006, household sampling was used to recruit self-identified Hispanic/ Latinos from four sites in San Diego, Chicago, the Bronx and Miami. All SOL Hispanic/Latinos were eligible for this study. The MEC is a population-based prospective cohort study recruiting men and women from Hawaii and California, beginning in 1993, and examines lifestyle risk factors and genetic susceptibility to cancer. Only the African American, Japanese American and Native Hawaiian participants of MEC were included in this study.
