mice were treated with ethanol [73]. We did not observe any elevation of TNF-α in livers of any of the ethanol-treated mice (Fig. 1), therefore the liver injury in the ethanol-fed KI mice is not associated with an elevation of TNF-α. Whether the injury is TNF-α-independent or requires basal levels of TNF-α will require further studies, e.g. use of clodronate liposomes to deplete Kupffer cells [74]or anti- TNF-α antibodies [72].
