Chunk #191 — VII. Classes of genes that are identified in multiple GWA samples for multiple phenotypes: Focus on cell adhesion related genes

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Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects.

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CSMD1 is substantially expressed in adult brain regions that include hippocampus [170]. High levels of CSMD1 expression in growth cones of neurons cultured from developing brain support substantial roles in development as well [170]. Less striking levels of evidence implicate variants in CSMD family members CSMD2 and CSMD3 in several of these brain related phenotypes [190].