We examined four classes of predictors in addition to disaster characteristics and respondent history of psychopathology. The first were socio-demographics: age, education, and marital status, each defined as of the time of the disaster, and sex. Given its wide variation across countries, education was classified as low, low-average, high-average, or high (coded as a continuous 1–4 score) according to within-country norms. Details on this coding scheme are described elsewhere (Scott et al. 2014). Missing values, which were rare, were imputed using regression-based imputation. The next three classes of predictors assessed whether the respondent had been in one or more previous disasters, exposure to other lifetime TEs, and exposure to childhood family adversities (CAs). Consistent with prior WMH research (Kessler et al. 2010), we distinguished between CAs in a highly correlated set of seven we labelled Maladaptive Family Functioning (MFF) CAs (parental mental disorder, parental substance abuse, parental criminality, family violence, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect) and other CAs (parental divorce, parental death, other parental loss, serious physical illness, family economic adversity). Details on CA measurement are presented elsewhere (Kessler et
