can benefit from ICA of EEG data (Debener et al., 2005, 2006). The next logical step would be to use ICA on both EEG and fMRI. From this standpoint, Eichele suggested to use ICA in parallel on simultaneously acquired EEG and fMRI data, and to match the ICA results by correlating the EEG and fMRI IC trial-to-trial modulations (Eichele et al., 2008). Subsequently, Moosmann proved in a simulation study that the decomposition of simultaneously recorded single-trial EEG–fMRI data in the same ICA model might be feasible (Moosmann et al., 2008). It is our opinion that a possible methodological development in the perspective of simultaneous EEG–fMRI integration may be the use of self-organized clustering with both the EEG ICs and the fMRI ICs, and then the association of the EEG and fMRI clusters using spatial and temporal information.
