Another caveat is the collapse of impedance to a scalar in Eq. 4, making anisotropy (e.g., impedance differences across laminae) a possible source of error. In practice, the lamination of the tissue provides landmarks for interpreting CSD findings, but distortions arising from impedance irregularities exacerbate errors arising from the precise localization of the recording contacts. Inasmuch as the potential difference between adjacent electrodes is generally smaller in a closely-spaced, high-resolution compared to a low-resolution profile (i.e., the magnitude of the measured potential differences is reduced), the former is more susceptible to electrode-spacing errors and noise (both physiological and nonphysiological).
