The ability of WY14643 to reduce nicotine self-administration and reinstatement was not due to a nonspecific disruption of operant behavior. WY14643 had no effect on cocaine- or food-reinforced responding in squirrel monkeys under testing conditions identical to those used with nicotine (Fig. 2D), and it did not alter food-reinforced responding by rats as measured in the drug discrimination procedure (even when combined with intraperitoneal nicotine injection; Fig. 4B) or rats' ability to detect that they had received nicotine (Fig. 4A) in a drug-discrimination procedure.