as novelty P3 (P3a) and P3b (target P3), respectively, the time course and central topography of the earlier novelty vertex source clearly contribute to the early phase and midline topography of the novelty ERP.5 These findings are directly apparent from the raw waveforms (Figure 4), replicable across studies, equally evident for early and late trials (Supplementary Figure S1), and consistent regardless of whether a temporal or a hemispatial PCA was computed (Supplementary Figure S2). Given that the earlier novelty P3 source satisfies the three main criteria of the ERP component construct, consisting of both a distinctive neuroanatomical origin and time course (i.e., spatial and temporal characteristics) with an amplitude influenced by experimental manipulation, we identify it as a distinct component, the novelty vertex source (NVS).
