inclusion of the term Mc in the above equation produces LD scores (ℓ(j,c)Mc) that are scaled relative to the size of the respective annotations, thereby allowing τc to be interpreted on the same scale as genome-wide estimates of heritability and coheritability, rather than on a per SNP scale. Note that when the z statistics for the same phenotype is double entered on the left hand side of the above equation, such that E[z1j z2j] becomes E[χj2], the equation reduces to the univariate S-LDSC model8.
