We identified a total of 8062 references, including 5142 articles through searching the electronic databases until May 2015 and 2920 articles through screening the reference list of included studies. We excluded 2804 duplicates using EndNote reference manager and 5116 ineligible studies through reading titles and abstracts. Accordingly, we retrieved 142 references for further assessment. We excluded 79 references because they did not meet the inclusion criteria of this meta-analysis. Finally, 63 references remained for meta-analysis (Fig 1) including 25 cohort studies, 3 case-control studies, and 35 cross-sectional studies involving 8,063,634 participants. Fifty-eight studies published in English, two in Spanish [24–26], and three in Korean [27–29] (Table 1).
