The total RNA was extracted from cultured cells with an RNeasy mini kit (no. 74106, Qiagen) and reverse transcribed into cDNA with an iScript cDNA Synthesis kit (no. 1708890, Bio-Rad). cDNA was used as template for the qPCR using a 7900 Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) with Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix. The primers used are listed in Table S3. Gene expression was analyzed using the ΔΔCt method. All results were normalized to GAPDH, β-ACTIN, and TBP (TATA-box binding protein) expression, and the values of uninduced fibroblasts were set to 1. Three replicates were used to determine the error bars. See the Supplemental Information for RNA expression studies for qRT-PCR and primer sequences.
