to establish a significant ethanol-induced CTA to a paired CS solution (Anderson et al., 2008a, b; Varlinskaya et al., 2006). Furthermore, Infurna & Spear (1979) showed an attenuated efficacy of amphetamine in inducing CTA in adolescence, which contrasts with the often reported enhanced CPP for psychomotor stimulants during adolescence discussed earlier (e.g. Badanich et al., 2006; Brenhouse & Andersen, 2008; Brenhouse et al., 2008; Zakharova et al., 2009a , b). The social context may not only enhance drug reward in adolescent animals, but also attenuate aversive consequences of ethanol exposure. For instance, exposure to a social context during intoxication decreases sensitivity to the aversive effects of ethanol as indexed by CTA, an effect observed in adolescent but not adult male rats (Vetter-O’Hagen et al., 2009).
