For paternal negativity the Cholesky decomposition indicated that 9 % of genetic variance remained after accounting for that shared with the 5 behavioural phenotypes. Confidence intervals included zero, indicating that this was not significant; however this was true for many of the estimates. This could reflect low power and/or may be a result of the small phenotypic correlations between variables. Paternal negativity had significant genetic correlations with oppositionality and delinquency, indicating that these 2 variables were of most importance in explaining the heritability of paternal negativity.