when no manual response is required (i.e., silently counting targets). However, the press (left or right) versus no press (counting) conditions are differentiated by a superimposed hemisphere asymmetry (i.e., more negativity over the left hemisphere for press; Kayser & Tenke, 2006a; Kayser et al., 2010a). Given that this FRN topography is strikingly similar to that of the error-related negativity (ERN) observed during correct trials (e.g., Gehring & Knight, 2000; Vidal et al., 2000), the ERN has been linked to theta oscillations (Luu & Tucker, 2001; Luu et al., 2004; Bernat et al., 2005), and the present alpha ERD factor had substantial contributions from lower frequencies in the theta and delta range, it could be hypothesized that impairments in theta-modulated response monitoring may underlie or contribute to the observed reductions in alpha ERD in CHR patients.
