and treatment response with acamprosate (Kiefer et al., 2011). A follow-up study also reported an association between GATA4 genotype and limbic gray matter volume which was predictive of an increased risk for alcohol relapse (Zois et al., 2016). Thus, GATA4 represents a compelling candidate due to convergent results that suggest GATA4 variation may affect alcohol dependence phenotypes by alterations in transcriptional regulation of brain limbic ANP expression and ANP receptor signaling associated with stress induced by alcohol dependence.
