differences. There is evidence that variation at the CRH locus predicts levels of behavioral inhibition in children 59, and genetic variation at the CRHR1 locus is suggested to be a risk factor for alcohol problems. Functional CRH haplotypes have been associated with various non-psychiatric disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis 60, but few studies examining the role of CRH variation in the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders have been reported. Our data suggest common selective mechanisms in humans and macaques, and may indicate that corticosteroid-insensitive CRH haplotypes could increase risk for externalizing disorders in human subjects.
