reporting style and recall bias than self-report questionnaire (Karg et al., 2011; Monroe, 2008; Uher and McGuffin, 2010). This may explain why the results in the Dunedin cohort, which used a combination of observer ratings and interview, were statistically somewhat stronger and more consistent across the genetic models than results from the E-Risk study, where childhood maltreatment was assessed with a self-report questionnaire. It is also possible that self-reported maltreatment has larger contribution from emotional memory, which may be moderated by different genotypes (Polanczyk et al., 2009). In summary, the fact that similar results were obtained in two cohorts that used different measures of childhood maltreatment makes the findings more robust and generalizable to various types of childhood maltreatment, but it also means that the results from the two studies cannot be compared in absolute terms.
