14.0 years in boys (Geidd, 2008). Geidd (2008) purports that these differences in the trajectories of adolescent brain development for boys and girls has immediate utility for establishing endophenotypes, biomarkers used to divide behavioral symptoms into genetically based phenotypes. Since structural brain development is marked by varied maturation rates for cognitive and emotional neuronal systems, which is then further complicated by the observed differences in male and female neurological trajectories, endophenotypes provide greater insight into biological risk and protection for AUDs.
