Some pathways are altered across multiple regions (vHip, mPFC, DRN, PAG; Supplemental Table 4). Those affected in all 4 regions include axonal guidance signaling, Hif1α signaling, signaling by Rho family GTPases, 14-3-3-mediated signaling (Ywhag is a 14-3-3 protein), pathways related to rheumatoid arthritis (perhaps through TNF related molecules), hepatic fibrosis signaling (Tnfrsf11b + collagens), ERK/MAPK signaling, pathways dealing with inositol phosphates, and growth hormone signaling. Glucocorticoid signaling is affected in vHip, mPFC and DRN. Overall, these results suggest widespread effects of adolescent binge drinking that altered the development of these 4 regions and would negatively impact a wide variety of behaviors throughout life.
