(Madden et al. 1995). This relationship persisted in women, even when a history of heavy drinking was controlled for, and also was observed in men at the second post-alcohol assessment. Furthermore, in women, researchers found a highly significant genetic correlation between smoking status and self-report of intoxication after the alcohol challenge (Madden et al. 1997). In men, the familial association between smoking status and post-alcohol intoxication appeared to be largely attributable to similar alcohol-relevant experiences between twins. Because of the small sample sizes, however, we cannot exclude the possibility that a genetic correlation existed in the men.
