severity if the criterion is completely unbiased. The final MIMIC model included all significant indirect (latent trait regressed on covariate) and direct (item regressed on covariate) effects. A similar approach has been taken previously in IRT analyses of alcohol criteria (Harford et al., 2009). Because measurement non-invariance analyses of DSM-IV alcohol abuse/dependence criteria have been previously pursued (e.g., previous analyses in data with similar design and population as these indicating non-invariance for Quit/Control, Withdrawal, Neglect Roles, and Larger/Longer by sex and almost all criteria by age; Saha et al., 2006, 2007), we focused our measurement non-invariance analysis on the craving criterion only.
