We downloaded the RNA-seq read counts from GTEx v6p (see URLs), removed genes for which fewer than 4 samples had at least one read count per million, removed samples for which fewer than 100 genes had at least one read count per million, and applied TPM normalization69. We analyzed 53 tissues with an average of 161 samples per tissue. We used the “SMTSD” variable (“Tissue Type, more specific detail of tissue type”) to define our tissues and the “SMTS” variable (“Tissue Type, area from which the tissue sample was taken”) to define the tissue categories for t-statistic computation (Table S2). We used age and sex as covariates for our t-statistics.