All analyses were conducted with SUDAAN (SUDAAN, 2002), which adjusts for characteristics of complex sample surveys such as the NESARC. The outcome variable was lifetime alcohol dependence versus no lifetime alcohol use disorder. We excluded respondents with only DSM-IV alcohol abuse because relative to dependence, the reliability and validity of alcohol abuse is lower and more variable (Hasin et al. 2006), and hence its meaning unclear. In addition, since this study addresses the relationship of maltreatment prior to age 18 to alcohol dependence, we excluded respondents whose first episode of alcohol dependence occurred before age 18 (n=522) to eliminate questions about time order of maltreatment and alcohol dependence onset.
