In North America, Australasia, southern Latin America, and western Europe, the share of disease burden attributable to tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke has fallen slightly; it has stayed almost constant in central Europe and high-income Asia Pacific. Tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke was still the leading risk factor in 2010 in North America and western Europe. Important decreases in disease burden are evident for high blood pressure and total cholesterol in North America, Australasia, and western Europe. High blood pressure is a leading risk for health in high-income Asia Pacific (accounting for 8·5% [95% UI 7·1–10·1] of disease burden) and central Europe (18·9% [16·8–20·8]); evidence from individual-level trials of salt and blood pressure and from cross-population studies indicates that this result is likely to be driven partly by high salt consumption in these regions.94,158 Falls in disease burden attributable to tobacco smoking including second-hand smoke, high blood pressure, and high total cholesterol in high-income regions have been partly offset by the increasing burden caused by high body-mass index. In southern Latin America, high body-mass index accounted for almost 10% of overall disease burden in 2010, and is the leading risk factor in southern Latin America and Australasia.
